质子磁共振成像基础 

Basic proton MR imaging

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组织的信号特征 Tissue Signal Characteristics

神经系统影像学入门, Keith A. Johnson, M.D., 哈佛医学院

Neuroimaging Primer, Keith A. Johnson, M.D., Harvard Medical School

可参看 信号源 See also Signal Sources.

磁共振中的信号根据所用脉冲的顺序以及所要成像组织的类型分为高信号或第信号（亮或者暗）。以下是一个各种组织分别在T1及T2加权像上如何显现的简要介绍。

Signal in MR images is high or low (bright or dark), depending on the pulse sequence used, and the type of tissue in the image region of interest. The following is a general guide to how tissue appears on T1- or T2- weighted images.

• T1加权像中的暗影 Dark on T1-weighted image:
  • 增加的水分，如水肿，肿瘤，梗塞，炎症，感染，出血（超急性或慢性）。increased water, as in edema, tumor, infarction, inflammation, infection, hemorrhage (hyperacute or chronic)
  • 低质子密度，钙化 low proton density, calcification
  • 透空区 flow void

• T1加权像中的亮影 Bright on T1-weighted image:
  • 脂肪 fat
  • 亚急性出血 subacute hemorrhage
  • 黑色素 melanin
  • 富含蛋白的液体 protein-rich fluid
  • 流动缓慢的血液 slowly flowing blood
  • 顺磁性物质：钆，锰，铜 paramagnetic substances: gadolinium, manganese, copper
  • 钙化（较少）calcification (rarely)
  • 脑梗塞中层状坏死 laminar necrosis of cerebral infarction

• T2加权像中的亮影 Bright on T2-weighted image:
  • 增加的水分，如水肿，肿瘤，梗塞，炎症，感染，硬膜下聚集物 increased water, as in edema, tumor, infarction, inflammation, infection, subdural collection
  • 亚急性出血中高铁血红蛋白（胞外）methemoglobin (extracellular) in subacute hemorrhage

• T2加权像中的暗影 Dark on T2-weighted image:
  • 低质子密度，钙化，纤维组织 low proton density, calcification, fibrous tissue
  • 顺磁性物质：还原血红蛋白， 高铁血红蛋白（胞内），铁，铁蛋白，含铁血黄素，黑色素 paramagnetic substances: deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin (intracellular), iron, ferritin, hemosiderin, melanin
  • 富含蛋白的液体 protein-rich fluid
  • 透空区 flow void

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